Abstract
Domestic work has gendered meaning and content of both masculinity and femininity is strongly embedded in the cultural context. In our article, across three studies we analyse the perception of household duties and their division between partners in two countries differing with regard to gender equality levels: Norway and Poland. In our Study 1, Polish (N = 64, 40 women, Myears = ) and Norwegian (N = 45, 27 women, Mage = ) students rated the typicality of domestic duties for women and men in Poland and in Norway. Our results show that feminine-typed or masculine-typed household duties are perceived as less gendered in Norway than in Poland. In the second Study, using a sample consisting of students and internet users from Poland (N = 207, 92 women, Mage = ) and Norway (N = 126, 85 women, Mage = (SD = ), we investigated whether there are Polish-Norwegian differences with regard to willingness to be more involved in household obligations. Overall, Norwegian men and women were more willing to perform household tasks. This result also found confirmation in results obtained with larger representative samples in Study 3. Using European Social Survey records of 889 Poles (429 women, Mage = ) and 990 Norwegians (452 women, Mage = ) we compared data concerning men’s and women’s perception of their and their partners’ contribution to housework. Our results show that cultural context can relate to the perception of household duties https://getbride.org/no/varme-latinske-kvinner/ that are perceived more gender-neutral in Norway than in Poland.
Inclusion
Men all over countries try under some pressure so you can comply with norms like once the service, dominance, pursuit of high social standing, and you may first and foremost prevention away from womanliness (Berent ainsi que al. 2015; Mahalik et al. 2003). And this are involved with domestic job is perhaps not reported to be a beneficial man’s jobs but good female’s work, and that dudes cannot do (Poortman and you will Van der Lippe 2009; Bosson and you will Vandello 2013). The fresh the total amount that cleaning try just as divided anywhere between women and you can guys utilizes the amount of gender equivalence into the certain country. Inside the nations with higher degrees of gender equivalence, anyone carry out even more comparable spots regarding people and you will it is more common for males to be occupied with home-based works compared to nations that have lower gender equality (Glick & Fiske, 2001; Wood and you will Eagly 2012). Just like the posited of the biosocial build model, cultural values regarding gender jobs keep in touch with people’s findings of your own affairs of women and you can men within neighborhood, therefore if anybody observe female handling children and you may carrying out family errands they think that women are significantly more ideal for creating home-based work than guys (Eagly and you can Steffen 1984; Wood and you can Eagly 2012). Such gender character inferences, in turn, offer sex-classified behavior which is plus manifested within the ladies’ and men’s readiness and you can obligations as employed in residential really works – scientific results invariably demonstrate that no matter what gender equivalence amounts of the country, extremely household bargaining works out which have female becoming even more responsible for cleaning (Coltrane 2000; Ehrenberg et al. 2001; Fuwa 2004).
Difference ranging from men’s room and you may ladies show during the house chores comprises a visible gender pit regarding family. So it gap was particularly noticeable whenever work is classified in the masculine-wrote and you will feminine-authored housework (Schneider 2012). Predicated on Tai and you will Treas (2013), you will find nearly common department of tasks on male-wrote (grass really works, lesser fixes) and women-blogged works (elizabeth.grams. laundry, clean, unwell proper care) predicated on study of thirty two countries. Aforementioned selection of requirements includes tasks, that are highly precluded by dudes (Treas and Tai 2010), as they are recognized as big date-sipping and you may boring, as opposed to male-composed jobs like family restoration, vehicle repair, turf functions that will be considered significantly more recreation and episodic (Bianchi mais aussi al. 2006). Apart from the biosocial construction design (Wood and you can Eagly 2012), yet another potential explanation for why guys often refrain from starting feminine-published activities ‘s the concern about not-being regarded as macho adequate. Cock is made such as institution and you may an enthusiastic anti-femininity mandate and that discourages dudes to get working in things hence are female and you will communal like child care and domestic really works (Bosson and you will Vandello 2013; Caswell et al. 2014; Kosakowska-Berezecka mais aussi al. 2016b; Schneider 2012). To avoid housework are hence one way where dudes compensate for threats on their masculinity and get away from negative appraisal off their area players just who anticipate guys becoming manly and you may avoid women employment (Caswell et al. 2014; Kosakowska-Berezecka mais aussi al. 2016b). Because of this, masculine partners don’t use up enough express of gendered domestic debt, which could ensure it is female is a whole lot more obvious about labor b).